Factsheet | Negative Equity - What can I do if I want to move?
What is negative equity?
Negative equity is the term commonly used to describe the situation of having a home that is worth less than your mortgage. There is no easy solution to the problem of negative equity. You may want a bigger house or need to move to a different area for employment reasons. The following points are suggestions of possible options to explore if you are in this situation. There may not be a suggestion that is appropriate to your circumstances, but there may be other ideas we haven't come across, so approach your lender anyway.
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Help from your lender
- Contact your lender and ask if there are any schemes it runs to help with the negative equity. Some lenders may have packages for their existing borrowers but usually only if you have a good payment record. For example you may be allowed to borrow up to 125% of the value of your new home when you move. There may be a maximum amount of debt on your old mortgage that can be included in your new mortgage. Also, you may have to pay off the old mortgage debt over a shorter time period than a usual mortgage such as ten years rather than 25 years.
- This is not necessarily a cheap option as the interest rate may be higher and there may be a fee. You are also putting your new home at risk if you can't keep up the total mortgage payments on the new home. Payments will be larger than normal because of the shortfall having been included.
REMEMBER
You will need to pay solicitors' and estate agents' fees, and the costs of moving as well.
- Some lenders may agree to accept less than the full amount of the shortfall debt by securing part of the debt on a property as part of your mortgage, and writing off the rest.
- Some schemes ask for a guarantor on the new loan (such as a relative) and may want the loan secured on their home as well as your own.
WARNING
Be very careful, the guarantor's house would be at risk if you cannot make the payments.
- You may be able to clear the negative equity by obtaining an unsecured loan from your building society or bank. This will probably be more expensive than a secured loan because a higher rate of interest may be charged, but an unsecured loan does not put your new house at risk. The loan may also be over a shorter period, which would mean the monthly payments are likely to be larger.
- A limited number of lenders may run schemes that offer assistance to all borrowers. So you can apply even if your mortgage is with a different lender. Shop around high street banks and building societies and ask about these schemes.
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Renting out your home
- Another option is renting out the house with your lender's permission. You will need to check if your tax position will be affected. Some lenders add an extra percentage to the mortgage interest rate for allowing you to rent out the property. You could ask them to waive this if it will cause you hardship. You also need to check if your buildings and contents insurance will be affected by renting the house out.
- It can be difficult to deal with renting out your house if you live far away. You may need to ask an estate agent or letting agent to act for you and find tenants. There will be a fee charged for this service. Your lender may say that you must use a specific agency and type of tenancy agreement. It is also worth approaching local housing associations. They are sometimes willing to take over renting out your property to people on their waiting lists.
INFORMATION
For a list of housing associations in your area ask your local council or contact Communities Scotland. See the 'Useful addresses' section.
- If you rent out the house then you will have to find alternative accommodation such as a private tenancy, or move in with relatives. This may be useful if your aim is to move to another part of the country. You may be able to help buy another property with a new lender if your income is sufficient. Most lenders are likely to be reluctant to do this except in very specific circumstances.
REMEMBER
You will still be liable for the mortgage when your tenants leave and the rent you get may not cover the whole monthly mortgage payment. You will also be responsible for repairs to your property.
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Selling your home
- You may be able to sell your house with permission from your lender. You will need their agreement as they can stop a sale going through if the sale price will not cover the outstanding mortgage. You will need to persuade them that you have obtained the best possible price for the property. Point out that if the house was sold by your lender they would be likely to get a much lower price as the property would be empty and would fall into disrepair.
- The Mortgage: Conduct of Business Rules say that a lender must 'deal fairly' with anyone in arrears. It also says the lender must: "give consideration to the customer being allowed to remain in possession to effect a sale". This means that if you cannot afford to stay in the house, the lender must look seriously at allowing you to sell the house yourself whilst you are still living there.
- Talk to your lender about selling your home yourself.
- You may have to prove to your lender that sale is the last resort and the sale is in everyone's financial interest.
- Provide your lender with full information about your financial circumstances.
- You will need evidence from several independent estate agents that you have found the best sale price for your home.
- The lender may ask you to sign an extra agreement saying how you will repay the shortfall debt.
- Consider handing the keys in and making an arrangement to clear the shortfall once the house is sold by your lender. This is only an option if you do not want a new mortgage in the near future as your details will be on the Mortgage Possession Register for six years.
- You will also have a problem with being re-housed by the council as they could treat you as having made yourself homeless voluntarily.
- Make sure you keep any valuations from estate agents and keep adverts for sale of similar properties in your area in case there is a dispute in the future over the price for which the lender sold the property.
- You will still be liable for the regular mortgage payments until the house is sold. You will also be liable for interest charges, costs of estate agents, legal fees, repairs and insuring the building.
WARNING
You need to think very carefully about the options before handing your keys back. Before making a decision, phone us for advice.
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Mortgage indemnity insurance
Get legal advice about the terms of any mortgage indemnity insurance policy you may have on the mortgage. There have been arguments put forward that the policy which you pay for should cover you in the event of a shortfall, rather than your lender. Following a court of appeal decision on this issue, it appears that this argument is very unlikely to succeed. You could ask for details of the policy from your lender and see if the terms could be interpreted as covering you as well as your lender.
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Other options
- Borrow the amount needed to clear the shortfall from another source such as a personal loan, savings or from a friend or relative.
- If you have an endowment mortgage you could check with an independent financial adviser to see if the value of the endowment could be off-set against the negative equity.
INFORMATION
For a list of independent financial advisers in your area you could contact IFA Promotions. See the 'Useful addresses' section.
- If you have the means, payments on an endowment policy or other investment scheme could be increased to build up enough cover to pay off the negative equity when the house is sold.
- You could check the surrender terms of any investment you already have. Have any policy valued both by the insurance company and second-hand policy brokers.
INFORMATION
Brokers should be registered with the Financial Ombudsman Service. See the address for the Association of Policy Market Makers under the 'Useful addresses' section.
- If you have an endowment mortgage it may be worth discussing with your lender the implications of swapping to a repayment mortgage. The advantage of doing this is that with a repayment mortgage you would be paying part capital and part interest every month. This would mean you actually reduce the balance you owe on the mortgage over time and therefore reduce your negative equity.
WARNING
Be very careful to get independent financial advice when considering changing from an endowment to a repayment mortgage. You may lose out on payments you have made on your endowment if you surrender the policy early on, as it may not be worth as much as you have paid in.
- It is also possible with a repayment mortgage to make extra lump sum payments towards the mortgage, which reduce the balance owing. You have to be careful that the lender accepts the payments off the capital and not just as payment of your monthly instalments in advance. Check this with your lender, or phone us for advice.
- If you want to move because you need more space, look at whether you can convert your loft or build an extension. In this way you may be able to stay in your house until house prices improve.
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What can I do if my lender is unhelpful?
If your lender is unhelpful you could consider making a complaint to the head office. In some cases the Financial Ombudsman Service has taken up complaints from borrowers. An example of this is if a lender has refused permission for you to sell the property for an offer that is less than the mortgage, but then they have gone on to sell the house themselves for a lot less after possession.
From 31 October 2004 the Financial Services Authority (FSA) has taken over the regulation of mortgage lending and problems with existing mortgages. This applies to all mortgages where the lender had a first charge over the property and at least 40% of the property is occupied by you and/or your immediate family. It does not apply to secured loans regulated by the Consumer Credit Act 1974.
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Useful addresses
Association of Policy Market Makers (APMM)
PO Box 37996
London
SW4 7YA
Tel: 0845 833 0088
www.apmm.org
Communities Scotland
Thistle House
91 Haymarket Terrace
Edinburgh
EH12 5HE
Tel: 0131 313 0044
www.communitiesscotland.gov.uk
Financial Ombudsman Service
South Quay Plaza
183 Marsh Wall
London
E14 9SR
Tel: 0845 080 1800
www.financial-ombudsman.org.uk
Financial Services Authority
25 The North Colonnade
Canary Wharf
London
E14 5HS
Tel: 0845 606 1234
www.fsa.gov.uk
IFA Promotions Ltd
2nd Floor
117 Farringdon Road
London
EC1R 3BX
Tel: 0800 085 3250
www.unbiased.co.uk
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Remember: You can always phone us for advice about any difficulty you are having in dealing with your debts
0808 808 4000
© Copyright National Debtline 2001 (updated October 2006).
Whilst we endeavour to keep the content of our website as up to date as possible, National Debtline cannot be held responsible for any changes in legislation or for developments in caselaw since this information was published.
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